The Urey instrument: an advanced in situ organic and oxidant detector for Mars exploration

The Urey organic and oxidant detector consists of a suite of instruments designed to search for several classes of organic molecules in the martian regolith and ascertain whether these compounds were produced by biotic or abiotic processes using chirality measurements. These experiments will also determine the chemical stability of organic molecules within the host regolith based on the presence and chemical reactivity of surface and atmospheric oxidants. Urey has been selected for the Pasteur payload on the European Space Agency's (ESA's) upcoming 2013 ExoMars rover mission. The diverse and effective capabilities of Urey make it an integral part of the payload and will help to achieve a large portion of the mission's primary scientific objective: "to search for signs of past and present life on Mars." This instrument is named in honor of Harold Urey for his seminal contributions to the fields of cosmochemistry and the origin of life.     

回溯降维相干分布式非圆信号DOA快速估计

在相干分布式非圆(CDNC)信号波达方向(DOA)估计中,针对阵列输出矩阵扩展后维数增加带来的较大运算量问题,基于降维的多级维纳滤波(MSWF)技术,引入回溯优化思想,提出了一种快速估计算法。该算法首先利用信号非圆特性扩展阵列输出矩阵,然后通过MSWF递推分解快速求出信号子空间,避免了计算阵列协方差矩阵及特征分解,并且在递推过程中引入回溯优化机制提高了各级匹配滤波器的估计性能,最后由最小二乘(LS)或者总体最小二乘(TLS)得到DOA估计。仿真分析表明,所提算法与相干分布式非圆信号旋转不变子空间算法(CDNC-ESPRIT)性能相当,但复杂度得到了大幅度降低,相比于基于MSWF的非圆信号快速子空间(NC-MSWF-FS)算法,在较小的复杂度代价下大幅度提升了低信噪比时的估计性能,并且对初始参考信号的选取具有了较强的鲁棒性。     

Creating Habitable Zones, at all Scales, from Planets to Mud Micro-Habitats, on Earth and on Mars

The factors that create a habitable planet are considered at all scales, from planetary inventories to micro-habitats in soft sediments and intangibles such as habitat linkage. The possibility of habitability first comes about during accretion, as a product of the processes of impact and volatile inventory history. To create habitability water is essential, not only for life but to aid the continual tectonic reworking and erosion that supply key redox contrasts and biochemical substrates to sustain habitability. Mud or soft sediment may be a biochemical prerequisite, to provide accessible substrate and protection. Once life begins, the habitat is widened by the activity of life, both by its management of the greenhouse and by partitioning reductants (e.g. dead organic matter) and oxidants (including waste products). Potential Martian habitats are discussed: by comparison with Earth there are many potential environmental settings on Mars in which life may once have occurred, or may even continue to exist. The long-term evolution of habitability in the Solar System is considered.     

ZH-02综合转台机械设计

叙述了综合转台的机械设计结构及工作原理，对ZH—01综合转台存在的问题进行了对比分析，并且提出了改进的方法。     

Automated payload and instruments for astrobiology research developed and studied by German medium-sized space industry in cooperation with European academia

For more than a decade Kayser-Threde, a medium-sized enterprise of the German space industry, has been involved in astrobiology research in partnership with a variety of scientific institutes from all over Europe. Previous projects include exobiology research platforms in low Earth orbit on retrievable carriers and onboard the Space Station. More recently, exobiology payloads for in situ experimentation on Mars have been studied by Kayser-Threde under ESA contracts, specifically the ExoMars Pasteur Payload. These studies included work on a sample preparation and distribution systems for Martian rock/regolith samples, instrument concepts such as Raman spectroscopy and a Life Marker Chip, advanced microscope systems as well as robotic tools for astrobiology missions. The status of the funded technical studies and major results are presented. The reported industrial work was funded by ESA and the German Aerospace Center (DLR).     

Morphological Biosignatures from Subsurface Environments: Recognition on Planetary Missions

The Earth is inhabited by life not just at its surface, but down to a depth of kms. Like surface life, this deep subsurface life produces a fossil record, traces of which may be found in the pore space of practically all rock types. The (palaeo)subsurface of other planetary bodies is therefore a promising target in the search for another example of life. Subsurface filamentous fabrics (SFFs), i.e. mineral encrustations of a filament-based textural framework, occur in many terrestrial rocks representing present or ancient subsurface settings. SFF are interpreted as mineral encrustations on masses of filaments/pseudofilaments of microbial origin. SFF are a common example of the fossil record of subsurface life. Macroscopic (pseudostalactites, U-shapes) and microscopic (filaments) characteristics make SFF’s a biosignature that can be identified with relative ease. SFF in the subsurface are probably about as common and easily recognizable as are stromatolites in surface environments. Close-up imagers (～50 micron/pixel resolution) and microscopes (～3 micron/pixel resolution) on upcoming Mars lander missions are crucial instruments that will allow the recognition of biofabrics of surface- and subsurface origin. The resolution available however will not allow the recognition of small (～1 micron) individual mineralized microbial cells. The microscopy of unprepared rock surfaces would benefit from the use of polarizing filters to reduce surface reflectance and enhance internally reflected light. Tests demonstrate the potential to visualize mineralized filaments using this procedure.     

基于PVDF传感器的静力试验系统标定与应用

针对静力试验特殊工况加载测量困难的问题,给出了以压电薄膜聚偏二氟乙烯(polyvinylidene fluoride,简称PVDF)为传感器的结构静力试验系统设计方法。根据静力试验和PVDF传感器的特点,利用气囊挤压试验装置,给出了PVDF传感器试验标定方法。最后,利用建立的试验系统开展了圆柱结构径向加载静力试验,验证了方法的有效性。     

四足机器人智能交互控制研究

针对四足机器人在辅助作业背景下,通过远程遥控或地面站控制难以满足人机灵活交互需求的问题,在研究实现四足机器人基本步态控制基础上,结合无线定位和激光雷达感知环境赋予机器人避障和人员跟随功能,采用Openpose姿态识别方法,通过视觉传感器进行人机交互,实现不同姿态对机器人基本运动行为和跟随任务的控制,并基于ROS系统开展不同环境条件下交互识别和控制效果测试,姿态识别速度为20帧/s,理想环境下准确度大于90%,机器人反应时间小于1 s。     

涡旋真空泵中固体润滑技术的应用研究

本文介绍了固体润滑技术的润滑机理和影响因素，结合涡旋真空泵的结构特点，对固体润滑技术在涡旋真空泵的应用进行了分析研究。     

直升机飞行载荷应用探讨

直升机载荷在结构设计和验证中起着关键性的作用。90年代以来,直升机的飞行载荷测量技术得到了飞速发展,使全面获得各型号的飞行载荷成为了可能。基于飞行载荷实测数据,从飞行载荷与旋翼构型的关系、影响飞行载荷的因素、状态载荷的分布规律,以及飞行载荷与故障的相关性等几方面对如何拓展飞行载荷的应用范围进行了初步探讨,为充分发挥飞行载荷历史数据在新机研制的设计、试验和试飞验证中的作用提供思路。